Whats The Difference Between /proc/sys And /sys

Hello,

I am facing an issue with a filesystem (/dev/sda3); I see space used on it (around 365GB) when I am looking at the host with "df -h" command.

Code:

[root@srv_omega /]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3             443G  365G   56G  87% /
tmpfs                  95G   56K   95G   1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             484M   39M  421M   9% /boot
/dev/sdb1             3.6T  1.3T  2.2T  36% /hadoop/disk1
/dev/sdc1             3.6T  1.3T  2.2T  37% /hadoop/disk2
/dev/sdd1             3.6T  1.3T  2.2T  36% /hadoop/disk3
/dev/sde1             3.6T  1.3T  2.2T  37% /hadoop/disk4
/dev/sdf1             3.6T  1.3T  2.2T  36% /hadoop/disk5
/dev/sdg1             3.6T  1.3T  2.2T  36% /hadoop/disk6
/dev/sdh1             3.6T  1.3T  2.2T  36% /hadoop/disk7
/dev/sdi1             3.6T  1.3T  2.2T  36% /hadoop/disk8
/dev/sdj1             3.6T  1.3T  2.2T  36% /hadoop/disk9
/dev/sdk1             3.6T  1.3T  2.2T  36% /hadoop/disk10
/dev/sdl1             3.6T  1.2T  2.3T  36% /hadoop/disk11
/dev/sdm1             3.6T  1.3T  2.2T  36% /hadoop/disk12
/dev/sdn1             3.6T  1.3T  2.2T  36% /hadoop/disk13
/dev/sdo1             3.6T  1.3T  2.2T  37% /hadoop/disk14
/dev/sdp1             3.6T  1.1T  2.4T  30% /hadoop/disk15
cm_processes           95G  8.2M   95G   1% /var/run/cloudera-scm-agent/process

I have looked if any hidden file might cause the issue, no joy.

Code:

[root@srv_omega /]# pwd
/
[root@srv_omega /]#  ls -lrtha
total 121K
drwxr-xr-x    2 root root 4.0K Jun 28  2011 srv
drwxr-xr-x    2 root root 4.0K Jun 28  2011 mnt
drwxr-xr-x    2 root root 4.0K Jun 28  2011 media
drwxr-xr-x    2 root root 4.0K Dec 20  2012 cgroup
drwx------    2 root root  16K Jun  2  2014 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x    2 root root 4.0K Jun  2  2014 selinux
-rw-r--r--    1 root root    0 Jun  3  2014 .autorelabel
drwxr-xr-x   18 root root 4.0K Jun  5  2014 hadoop
drwxr-xr-x   21 root root 4.0K Jun  5  2014 var
dr-xr-xr-x    9 root root  12K Jun 20  2014 lib64
dr-xr-xr-x    2 root root  12K Jun 21  2014 sbin
dr-xr-xr-x    2 root root 4.0K Jun 21  2014 bin
dr-xr-xr-x    5 root root 1.0K Jun 22  2014 boot
dr-xr-x---    5 root root 4.0K Jun 22  2014 root
drwxr-xr-x    6 root root 4.0K Jun 22  2014 opt
drwxr-xr-x    3 root root 4.0K Dec 10 19:11 home
dr-xr-xr-x   13 root root 4.0K Dec 12 16:18 lib
dr-xr-xr-x 1140 root root    0 Apr 30 15:11 proc
drwxr-xr-x   13 root root    0 Apr 30 15:11 sys
-rw-r--r--    1 root root    0 Apr 30 15:11 .autofsck
drwxr-xr-x    2 root root    0 Apr 30 15:11 misc
drwxr-xr-x    2 root root    0 Apr 30 15:11 net
drwxr-xr-x   15 root root 4.0K Apr 30 15:12 usr
drwxr-xr-x   19 root root 4.6K Apr 30 15:12 dev
dr-xr-xr-x   27 root root 4.0K Apr 30 15:12 ..
dr-xr-xr-x   27 root root 4.0K Apr 30 15:12 .
drwxr-xr-x  122 root root  12K May  4 03:33 etc
drwxrwxrwt   16 root root 4.0K May  7 06:14 tmp

So I try to find where the space is used with a "du -sh" command

Code:

[root@srv_omega /]# pwd
/
[root@srv_omega /]# du -sh *
7.8M    bin
29M     boot
4.0K    cgroup
280K    dev
26M     etc
19T     hadoop
124K    home
144M    lib
26M     lib64
16K     lost+found
4.0K    media
0       misc
4.0K    mnt
0       net
7.9G    opt
du: cannot access `proc/9170/task/27326/fdinfo/538': No such file or directory
du: cannot access `proc/45119/task/45119/fd/4': No such file or directory
du: cannot access `proc/45119/task/45119/fdinfo/4': No such file or directory
du: cannot access `proc/45119/fd/4': No such file or directory
du: cannot access `proc/45119/fdinfo/4': No such file or directory
du: cannot access `proc/45160': No such file or directory
0       proc
3.8M    root
17M     sbin
4.0K    selinux
4.0K    srv
0       sys
3.9M    tmp
2.6G    usr
16G     var

So as far as I understand, only /hadoop is a suitable suspect (as cumulative size of all the other folders on "/" are well below the 365GB)

Code:

[root@srv_omega hadoop]# cd /
[root@srv_omega /]# cd /hadoop
[root@srv_omega hadoop]# ls -lrtha
total 72K
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4.0K Jun  5  2014 disk16
drwxr-xr-x 18 root root 4.0K Jun  5  2014 .
drwxr-xr-x  4 root root 4.0K Jun 22  2014 disk1
drwxr-xr-x  4 root root 4.0K Jun 22  2014 disk11
drwxr-xr-x  4 root root 4.0K Jun 22  2014 disk10
drwxr-xr-x  4 root root 4.0K Jun 22  2014 disk13
drwxr-xr-x  4 root root 4.0K Jun 22  2014 disk12
drwxr-xr-x  4 root root 4.0K Jun 22  2014 disk14
drwxr-xr-x  4 root root 4.0K Jun 22  2014 disk2
drwxr-xr-x  4 root root 4.0K Jun 22  2014 disk4
drwxr-xr-x  4 root root 4.0K Jun 22  2014 disk3
drwxr-xr-x  4 root root 4.0K Jun 22  2014 disk6
drwxr-xr-x  4 root root 4.0K Jun 22  2014 disk5
drwxr-xr-x  4 root root 4.0K Jun 22  2014 disk8
drwxr-xr-x  4 root root 4.0K Jun 22  2014 disk7
drwxr-xr-x  4 root root 4.0K Jun 22  2014 disk9
drwxr-xr-x  5 root root 4.0K Nov 19 20:02 disk15
dr-xr-xr-x 27 root root 4.0K Apr 30 15:12 ..

All folders from 1 to 15 are on different filesystems, so the folder disk16 seems to be the only option but there is nothing in it.

Code:

[root@srv_omega hadoop]# cd disk16/
[root@srv_omega disk16]# ls -lrtha
total 8.0K
drwxr-xr-x 18 root root 4.0K Jun  5  2014 ..
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4.0K Jun  5  2014 .
[root@srv_omega disk16]#

I just don't get it; no folder seems responsible for the "365Gb"...

Any idea on how I could try to find out where those "365GB" are ?

Hello,

I am troubleshooting something and I got this problem.

If I do "pstree -p"

It shows,

Code:

        ├─soffice.bin(7734)─┬─{soffice.bin}(7735)
        │                   ├─{soffice.bin}(7736)
        │                   ├─{soffice.bin}(7737)
        │                   └─{soffice.bin}(7743)

However, it does NOT show up in "ps -elf"

Code:

ps -elf | grep soffi
0 S whho      7734     1  0  80   0 - 36435 -      11:14 pts/2    00:00:03 /usr/lib/openoffice/program/soffice.bin -splash-pipe=5
0 S whho      7833  7759  0  80   0 -   751 -      11:21 pts/3    00:00:00 grep soffi

I was wondering if 7735, 7736, 7737, 7743 were really processes. Then I checked /proc, I could cd to /proc/7735, /proc/7736, etc, but I could not ls them out.

I looked at the man page of "pstree", it says,

Code:

Child threads  of a process are found under the parent process and are shown with the process name in curly braces, e.g.

           icecast2---13*[{icecast2}]

So, what does all this mean? Does it mean that 7735, 7736, 7737, 7743 are just threads but not processes? If so, why could I cd to /proc/<id> but not see them in "ps -elf".

Would somebody please help me?

Thanks!

whho

Hello,

I try to use a ftp daemon and a Telnet daemon with inetd and the BusyBox v1.19.0 on a linux 2.6.24.

When running inetd and then checking what is listening with "netstat -an |grep LISTEN" i have :
Code:

netstat: /proc/net/tcp6: No such file or directory
netstat: /proc/net/udp6: No such file or directory
netstat: /proc/net/raw6: No such file or directory
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN

tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:21              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN

tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:23              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN

ftp port 21 and Telnet port 23 seems to be listening.

My inetd.conf file is :

Code:

#<service_name>    <sock_type>    <proto>    <flags> <user>     <server_path>     <args> 

21 stream tcp nowait root ftpd ftpd /etc
telnet            stream        tcp        nowait    root    /usr/sbin/telnetd

I have no rule in my hosts.deny so nothing should be stopped and i have no iptables firewall in place too.

When typing "ftp://ipofthetarget" in a web browser i have a error :

Code:

504 Gateway Timeout
Gateway timeout expired while waiting for server response.

And when trying to Telnet from another computer or "Telnet localhost" from the board i have :
Code:

# telnet 10.2.29.201
Trying 10.2.29.201...
connected to 10.2.29.201.
Escape character is '^]'

Connection closed by foreign host.

This would mean that the connection for Telnet exist but why is it closing ?

Thank you for your future answers !

UPDATE 1 :
If i try to run telnetd like this :
/usb/sbin/telnet -l /bin/sh
i can connect anonymously from another computer, not perfect because i would like a user/password but still of use.
The problem with the ftp daemon still exist.

UPDATE 2 :
Trying from Windows cmd or linux terminal : ftp ipofthetarget seems to work
Not perfect because i would like a user/password too but still of use.

I am still open for suggestion for the user/password thing. I am not deleting the thread in case someone interested about this exist.

Hi,
Recently, I decided to change my partition scheme for my home server. I had a RAID0 that previously spanned three disks and now I only want it to span two. Getting rid of the old one was easy. But getting the new one to work has been a real pain.

It's running Debian Jessie.

For starters, here's my /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf:
Code:

root@maples-server:~# cat /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf 
# mdadm.conf
#
# Please refer to mdadm.conf(5) for information about this file.
#

# by default (built-in), scan all partitions (/proc/partitions) and all
# containers for MD superblocks. alternatively, specify devices to scan, using
# wildcards if desired.
#DEVICE partitions containers
DEVICE /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1

# auto-create devices with Debian standard permissions
CREATE owner=root group=disk mode=0660 auto=yes

# automatically tag new arrays as belonging to the local system
HOMEHOST <system>

# instruct the monitoring daemon where to send mail alerts
MAILADDR root

# definitions of existing MD arrays

ARRAY /dev/md0 metadata=1.2 UUID=032e4ab2:53ac5db8:98806abd:420716a5 devices=/dev/sdb1,/dev/sdc1

As you can see, I have it specified to setup the RAID as /dev/md0. But every time I reboot, my /proc/mdstat shows:
Code:

root@maples-server:~# cat /proc/mdstat 
Personalities : [raid0] 
md127 : active raid0 sdc1[1] sdb1[0]
      488016896 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks
      
unused devices: <none>

I can confirm that it's actually md127 by looking at /dev:
Code:

root@maples-server:~# ls -l /dev/md*
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 9, 127 May  2 20:17 /dev/md127

/dev/md:
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 May  2 20:17 maples-server:0 -> ../md127

And here's a bit more info:
Code:

root@maples-server:~# mdadm --detail --scan
ARRAY /dev/md/maples-server:0 metadata=1.2 name=maples-server:0 UUID=032e4ab2:53ac5db8:98806abd:420716a5

I've tried adding all sorts of options to /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf, ranging from just the output of the above command (only changing "/dev/md/maples-server:0" to "/dev/md0") to what you see at the top. Nothing seems to be making a difference.

Does anyone have any ideas?

Hi,

I have problems mounting my second drive at boot automatically.
(sorry i am a noob)

When i use the mount command, it works fine.
Code:

mount -t ext3 /dev/sdb2 /mnt/HD/HD_b2

But when i try to add one if the following lines to /etc/fstab
It will not mount the drive at boot or with Code:

mount -a

, also fstab is empty afer reboot (normal??)

Code:

/dev/sdb2 /mnt/HD/HD_b2 ext3 defaults,errors=remount-ro 0 1

Code:

UUID=553afede-fa45-4cdc-9972-c0a9aa899509 /mnt/HD/HD_b2 ext3 errors=remount-ro 0 1

Code:

/dev/sdb2 /mnt/HD/HD_b2 ext3 rw 0 0

Code:

/dev/sdb2 /mnt/HD/HD_b2 ext3 defaults 0 1

output blkid:

Code:

/dev/sda1: UUID="e67e5c15-7b8b-9389-c311-e5d4c61326f9" TYPE="linux_raid_member"
/dev/sda2: UUID="09e0e365-0aa6-4214-b571-2bc6b027fd9f" TYPE="ext3"
/dev/sda4: UUID="64038414-136c-4939-bd14-9871a20290bd" TYPE="ext3"
/dev/sdb1: UUID="e67e5c15-7b8b-9389-c311-e5d4c61326f9" TYPE="linux_raid_member"
/dev/sdb2: UUID="553afede-fa45-4cdc-9972-c0a9aa899509" TYPE="ext3"
/dev/sdb4: UUID="bf594be6-ffb6-469d-a3a8-246be66a4d90" TYPE="ext2"

/etc/mtab:

Code:

rootfs / rootfs rw 0 0
/dev/root / ext2 rw,relatime,errors=continue 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs rw,relatime 0 0
proc /proc proc rw,relatime 0 0
squash /usr/local/tmp ramfs rw,relatime,size=38m 0 0
/dev/loop0 /usr/local/modules squashfs ro,relatime 0 0
/dev/mtdblock5 /usr/local/config jffs2 rw,relatime 0 0
/dev/sda4 /mnt/HD_a4 ext3 rw,relatime,errors=continue,data=writeback 0 0
/dev/sdb4 /mnt/HD_b4 ext2 rw,relatime,errors=continue 0 0
none /proc/bus/usb usbfs rw,relatime 0 0
/dev/sda2 /mnt/HD/HD_a2 ext3 rw,relatime,errors=continue,user_xattr,data=writeb$
/dev/sdb2 /mnt/HD/HD_b2 ext3 rw,relatime,errors=continue,user_xattr,data=writeb$
/dev/sda2 /mnt/HD/HD_a2/squeeze/mnt/HD/HD_a2 ext3 rw,relatime,errors=continue,u$
/dev/root /mnt/HD/HD_a2/squeeze/mnt/root ext2 rw,relatime,errors=continue 0 0
/dev/root /mnt/HD/HD_a2/squeeze/dev ext2 rw,relatime,errors=continue 0 0
sysfs /mnt/HD/HD_a2/squeeze/sys sysfs rw,relatime 0 0
proc /mnt/HD/HD_a2/squeeze/proc proc rw,relatime 0 0

When mount command is used Code:

mount -t ext3 /dev/sdb2 /mnt/HD/HD_b2

The following line is added to mstab -->
Code:

/dev/sdb2 /mnt/HD/HD_b2 ext3 rw 0 0

I diont know what i am doing wrong, mount for HD_a2 works fine (other disk, worked at default), i hav e NAS DNS-325 where i installed Debian on. I used this tutorial to install debian.

The strange thing is, i had to reinstall my NAS, and befor it worked fine after i had installed debian 2 years ago, i just dont remeber how i fixed this.

Hey,

My plan is to run some Linux distro's on an external USB HDD. So far I have been able to instal elementary OS, it thus far boots with the elementary OS logo and hangs for a while when it gives me the following message:


"Gave up waiting for boot device.
- Boot args (cat /proc/cmdline)
- Check root delay (Waiting long enough?)
- Check root (Waiting for the right device?)
- Missing modules (cat /proc/modules; 1s/dev)

ALERT! /dev/disk-uuid/*super long number* does not exist. Dropping to a shell!

BusyBox v1.21.1 (Ubuntu 1:1.21.0-1ubuntu1) build-in shell (ash)

Enter 'help' for a list of build-in commands."


To give you an idea of the external HDD partition:
60 GB: ext4 (elementary OS)
4GB: SWAP
Free Space
80 GB: NTFS (Random files)

The ext4 was given '/' for mounting point to keep it simple for now. The 'boot part' I've set to instal on sdc. Which is the external HDD. (I wasn't sure whether I should have chosen the ext4 partition or not.)

Please let me know if you need any addition information. I hope someone is familiar with the problem or knows a solution.

Thanks in advance.

I am trying to set up a "Proxy Server" in Linux, without using Squid (Part of my project). However I have beginner's knowledge of iptables. I am using the following script from "http://www.aboutdebian.com/proxy.

#!/bin/sh
INTIF="eth1"
EXTIF="eth0"
EXTIP="`/sbin/ifconfig eth0 | grep 'inet addr' | awk '{print $2}' | sed -e 's/.*://'`"
/sbin/depmod -a
/sbin/modprobe ip_tables
/sbin/modprobe ip_conntrack
/sbin/modprobe ip_conntrack_ftp
/sbin/modprobe ip_conntrack_irc
/sbin/modprobe iptable_nat
/sbin/modprobe ip_nat_ftp
echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_dynaddr
iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT
iptables -F INPUT
iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT
iptables -F OUTPUT
iptables -P FORWARD DROP
iptables -F FORWARD
iptables -t nat -F
iptables -A FORWARD -i $EXTIF -o $INTIF -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
iptables -A FORWARD -i $INTIF -o $EXTIF -j ACCEPT
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o $EXTIF -j MASQUERADE

Question is there is no packet forwarding from eth1 to eth0 (verified from wireshark, a windows is using eth1's ip address as its default gateway)

Any help would be highly appreciated!

i m running file following tcl script but terminal shows nothing no error no nam file nothing
whats wrong with this script??????


set ns [new Simulator]

set nf [open out.nam w]
$ns namtrace-all $nf

proc finish {} {
global ns nf
$ns flush-trace
close $nf
exec nam out.nam &
exit 0
}

for {set i 0} {$i < 7} {incr $i} {
set n($i) [$ns node]
}

for {set i 0} {$i < 7} {incr $i} {
$ns duplex-link n($i) n([expr ($i+1)%7]) 1mb 10ms dropTail

$ns at 5.0 "finish"

$ns run

i write ns example3.tcl on terminal but terminal shows nothing even after waiting for long. when choose to close terminal it shows msg something running want to kill terminal

hello, i configured a ubuntu linux server 14.04 from a cisco router to a server with proxy settings,but i need some ips where i can download, and get internet by passing proxy settings!
is there any possible solution i can do it?
Thanks,
Justus

I'm learning about Linux, started yesterday. I have a question which didn't clear from the book and Google. The question is what is the difference between ./ and / in terminal? I'm asking this because when i give command for example - ./home/yogesh/Desktop/Books it is showing bash: ./home/yogesh/Desktop : No such file or directory but on removing the dot it's showing /home/yogesh/Desktop/Books: Is a directory.
Again on giving command like /Desktop it showing /Desktop :No such file or directory but on adding dot before / it is giving ./Desktop: is a directory.
What is the difference between ./ and / ?
I'm sorry if i asked something foolish but I have to know it anyway. Thankyou in advance and sorry for my bad English.