Problems With Mounting Drive At Boot

Hi,

I have problems mounting my second drive at boot automatically.
(sorry i am a noob)

When i use the mount command, it works fine.
Code:
mount -t ext3 /dev/sdb2 /mnt/HD/HD_b2

But when i try to add one if the following lines to /etc/fstab
It will not mount the drive at boot or with Code:
mount -a

, also fstab is empty afer reboot (normal??)

Code:
/dev/sdb2 /mnt/HD/HD_b2 ext3 defaults,errors=remount-ro 0 1

Code:
UUID=553afede-fa45-4cdc-9972-c0a9aa899509 /mnt/HD/HD_b2 ext3 errors=remount-ro 0 1

Code:
/dev/sdb2 /mnt/HD/HD_b2 ext3 rw 0 0

Code:
/dev/sdb2 /mnt/HD/HD_b2 ext3 defaults 0 1

output blkid:

Code:
/dev/sda1: UUID="e67e5c15-7b8b-9389-c311-e5d4c61326f9" TYPE="linux_raid_member"
/dev/sda2: UUID="09e0e365-0aa6-4214-b571-2bc6b027fd9f" TYPE="ext3"
/dev/sda4: UUID="64038414-136c-4939-bd14-9871a20290bd" TYPE="ext3"
/dev/sdb1: UUID="e67e5c15-7b8b-9389-c311-e5d4c61326f9" TYPE="linux_raid_member"
/dev/sdb2: UUID="553afede-fa45-4cdc-9972-c0a9aa899509" TYPE="ext3"
/dev/sdb4: UUID="bf594be6-ffb6-469d-a3a8-246be66a4d90" TYPE="ext2"

/etc/mtab:

Code:
rootfs / rootfs rw 0 0
/dev/root / ext2 rw,relatime,errors=continue 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs rw,relatime 0 0
proc /proc proc rw,relatime 0 0
squash /usr/local/tmp ramfs rw,relatime,size=38m 0 0
/dev/loop0 /usr/local/modules squashfs ro,relatime 0 0
/dev/mtdblock5 /usr/local/config jffs2 rw,relatime 0 0
/dev/sda4 /mnt/HD_a4 ext3 rw,relatime,errors=continue,data=writeback 0 0
/dev/sdb4 /mnt/HD_b4 ext2 rw,relatime,errors=continue 0 0
none /proc/bus/usb usbfs rw,relatime 0 0
/dev/sda2 /mnt/HD/HD_a2 ext3 rw,relatime,errors=continue,user_xattr,data=writeb$
/dev/sdb2 /mnt/HD/HD_b2 ext3 rw,relatime,errors=continue,user_xattr,data=writeb$
/dev/sda2 /mnt/HD/HD_a2/squeeze/mnt/HD/HD_a2 ext3 rw,relatime,errors=continue,u$
/dev/root /mnt/HD/HD_a2/squeeze/mnt/root ext2 rw,relatime,errors=continue 0 0
/dev/root /mnt/HD/HD_a2/squeeze/dev ext2 rw,relatime,errors=continue 0 0
sysfs /mnt/HD/HD_a2/squeeze/sys sysfs rw,relatime 0 0
proc /mnt/HD/HD_a2/squeeze/proc proc rw,relatime 0 0

When mount command is used Code:
mount -t ext3 /dev/sdb2 /mnt/HD/HD_b2

The following line is added to mstab -->
Code:
/dev/sdb2 /mnt/HD/HD_b2 ext3 rw 0 0

I diont know what i am doing wrong, mount for HD_a2 works fine (other disk, worked at default), i hav e NAS DNS-325 where i installed Debian on. I used this tutorial to install debian.

The strange thing is, i had to reinstall my NAS, and befor it worked fine after i had installed debian 2 years ago, i just dont remeber how i fixed this.


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I had to do that after my main laptop was broken. I don't want to put my drive into the new hardware, so I run it as external one for until the main will be repaired.

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Is there a way to change its behaviour to auto remount as rw after reconnecting the USB and just keep running as usual?

I think the fstab is the file that i should modify, but cannot find a way how to do it properly. Please correct me if I'm wrong. My current fstab:
Code:
# 
# /etc/fstab: static file system information
#
# <file system>	<dir> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
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UUID=145b3c51-6531-48f3-a79b-fb1ae238c7ee / ext4 rw,relatime,data=ordered 0 1

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Mounting A USB For Vbox

I am installing VirtualBox on Centos per http://www.digitesters.com/centos-in...adless-system/, and I don't understand the very end. Seems like Line 5 is not needed as it is already done on Line 4, right?

Code:
# mkdir /data/virtual_machines/vbox/vbusbfs
# chown vboxuser.vboxusers /data/virtual_machines/vbox/vbusbfs
# chmod 775 /data/virtual_machines/vbox/vbusbfs
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Code:
none /home/vbox/vbusbfs usbfs rw,devgid=496
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Code:
[root@devserver vbox]# mount -a
mount: special device /var/www/main/ayb_resources does not exist
mount: special device /var/www/main/ayb_cache does not exist
mount: mount point 0 does not exist
[root@devserver vbox]#

My total fstab file is as follows:

Code:
[root@devserver vbox]# cat /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Sat Apr 19 05:57:56 2014
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root /                       ext4    defaults        1 1
UUID=xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_home  /home                  ext4    defaults        1 2
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_mysql /var/lib/mysql         ext3    barrier=0       1 2
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0
/home/public/lib /var/www/main_lib/ayb_application/lib none bind
/var/www/main/html /var/www/main_lib/html none bind
/var/www/main/ayb_resources /var/www/main_lib/ayb_resources none bind
/var/www/main/ayb_cache /var/www/main_lib/ayb_cache none bind
none /home/vbox/vbusbfs usbfs rw,devgid=496
504,devmode=664 0 0
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mount: special device /var/www/main/ayb_resources does not exist
mount: special device /var/www/main/ayb_cache does not exist
mount: mount point 0 does not exist
[root@devserver vbox]#

Recovering After Windows 7 Install: Rescue Cannot Mount Root

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The HD partitions a
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sda2: FAT32 (currently unused)
sda3: linux /boot
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I've re-installed W7 and now need to recover the MBR & grub menu.

I've booted with the netinst usb in rescue mode, but it fails to mount the root partition /sda4:
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and /var/syslog shows:
Code:
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umount: cant umount /target: Invalid argument
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EXT3-fs (sda4): error: unable to readsuperblock
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Would appreciate suggestions how to solve this.

Thanks

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in linux I am running

Code:
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GRUB2 Scripts To Use Labels For Friendly Names

I am using linux mint and the grub menu gets configured automatically using scripts in /etc/grub.d. The menuentry that gets created is something like Code:
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"Linux Mint (OFFICESSD)"
"Linux Mint (HOMEHDD)"
"Ubuntu (SANDISK)"
"Ubuntu (IMATION)"

I realise (maybe its the best way) I can change the "GRUB_TITLE=Linux Mint 17 Cinnamon 64-bit" in /etc/linuxmint/info but would rather a smoother way.

Help Mounting A CD-R/DVD-R, Then Using Dd To Write To Them.

I can't seem to mount a CD-R or DVD-R, doesn't matter if it is blank or not.
However, when I use a program such as Brasero, I am able to write to them. I cannot use dd to write to them.

This is the output of trying to mount/unmount.
Code:
root@delarocha-> mount /dev/sr0 /media/cd
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sr0,
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       In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try
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root@delarocha-> umount /dev/sr0
umount: /dev/sr0: not mounted
root@delarocha-> umount /media/cd
umount: /media/cd: not mounted
root@delarocha-> umount /media/cdrom
umount: /media/cdrom: not mounted

dmesg | tail
Code:
root@delarocha-> dmesg | tail
[ 1536.299777] sr 1:0:0:0: [sr0]  
[ 1536.299804] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
[ 1536.299809] sr 1:0:0:0: [sr0]  
[ 1536.299814] Sense Key : Illegal Request [current] 
[ 1536.299820] sr 1:0:0:0: [sr0]  
[ 1536.299824] Add. Sense: Logical block address out of range
[ 1536.299829] sr 1:0:0:0: [sr0] CDB: 
[ 1536.299832] Read(10): 28 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00
[ 1536.299846] end_request: I/O error, dev sr0, sector 0
[ 1536.299915] EXT4-fs (sr0): unable to read superblock

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This is what I get while trying to dd a .iso and .mp4, respectively.

Code:
web@delarocha-> dd if=/dev/sr0 of=~/Downloads/xubuntu-14.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso
0+0 records in
0+0 records out
0 bytes (0 B) copied, 0.000377316 s, 0.0 kB/s

Code:
web@delarocha-> dd if=/dev/sr0 of=~/Videos/The\ Hobbit/The\ Hobbit\ The\ Desolation\ of\ Smaug.mp4
0+0 records in
0+0 records out
0 bytes (0 B) copied, 0.000377179 s, 0.0 kB/s

uname -a
Code:
Linux delarocha 3.16.0-4-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 3.16.7-ckt2-1 (2014-12-08) x86_64 GNU/Linux

When I used lsblk when I close the disk tray, it shows it mounted.
Code:
sr0                     11:0    1     2K  0 rom

But after I use the dd command to write the .iso, it disappears.

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Code:
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
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# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
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/dev/mapper/delarocha-root /               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1
# /boot was on /dev/sda1 during installation
UUID=5bbedec0-6e3d-4185-91e0-292a72585908 /boot           ext2    defaults        0       2
/dev/mapper/delarocha-swap_1 none            swap    sw              0       0
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Problem With NFS Sharing Between Two Raspberry Pis

I have two raspberrys, one running OSMC and another running raspbian. The first one has two 1TB hard drives plugged in through a powered usb hub. I want to access to the osmc hard drives from the one running raspbian. They are both in the same local network, the osmc one has the ip 192.168.1.24 and the raspbian one has 192.168.1.28. Both are static ips.

These are the hard drives::
Code:
osmc@osmc:~$ ls /media/ -la
total 36
drwxr-xr-x  4 root root  4096 Mar 31 18:28 .
drwxr-xr-x 23 root root  4096 Mar 15 13:35 ..
drwx------  1 osmc osmc  8192 Mar 30 21:54 ELEMENTS
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drwx------  1 osmc osmc 16384 Mar 30 15:22 TOURO

ELEMENTS and TOURO, two ntfs hard drives that work just fine.

I tried sharing the first one through nfs with the following config (i copied the parameters from a tutorial):
Code:
osmc@osmc:~$ cat /etc/exports
# /etc/exports: the access control list for filesystems which may be exported
#               to NFS clients.  See exports(5).
#
# Example for NFSv2 and NFSv3:
# /srv/homes       hostname1(rw,sync,no_subtree_check) hostname2(ro,sync,no_subtree_check)
#
# Example for NFSv4:
# /srv/nfs4        gss/krb5i(rw,sync,fsid=0,crossmnt,no_subtree_check)
# /srv/nfs4/homes  gss/krb5i(rw,sync,no_subtree_check)
#
/media/ELEMENTS/Pelis/ 192.168.1.0/24(rw,subtree_check,insecure,no_root_squash)
/media/TOURO/Series/ 192.168.1.0/24(rw,subtree_check,insecure,no_root_squash)

and from the pi running raspbian I have confirmed that I can see the drives being shared:
Code:
 /media $ showmount -e 192.168.1.24
Export list for 192.168.1.24:
/media/TOURO/Series/   192.168.1.0/24
/media/ELEMENTS/Pelis/ 192.168.1.0/24

Now, when I try to mount them, all works fine, but when I ls the folders nothing cames back. This is my fstab:
Code:
1cat /etc/fstab
proc            /proc           proc    defaults          0       0
/dev/mmcblk0p1  /boot           vfat    defaults          0       2
/dev/mmcblk0p2  /               ext4    defaults,noatime  0       1
# a swapfile is not a swap partition, so no using swapon|off from here on, use  dphys-swapfile swap[on|off]  for that
UUID=fdff96e6-816c-d001-e05f-96e6816cd001 /media/hdd/ auto defaults,user 0 0 #external hdd

192.168.1.24:/media/ELEMENTS/Pelis /media/pelis nfs rsize=8192,wsize=8192,timeo=14,intr
192.168.1.24:/media/TOURO/Series /media/series nfs rsize=8192,wsize=8192,timeo=14,intr

Code:
apoc@raspbian ~ $ ls /media/pelis/
apoc@raspbian ~ $

The superweird thing is that they are mounted, as they show up if I run "df -h"

Code:
 df -h
S.ficheros                         Tamaņo Usados  Disp Uso% Montado en
rootfs                               7,2G   2,6G  4,4G  37% /
/dev/root                            7,2G   2,6G  4,4G  37% /
devtmpfs                             484M      0  484M   0% /dev
tmpfs                                 98M   380K   98M   1% /run
tmpfs                                5,0M      0  5,0M   0% /run/lock
tmpfs                                195M      0  195M   0% /run/shm
/dev/mmcblk0p1                        56M    15M   42M  26% /boot
/dev/sda1                            219G   4,7G  202G   3% /media/hdd
192.168.1.24:/media/ELEMENTS/Pelis   932G   742G  191G  80% /media/pelis
192.168.1.24:/media/TOURO/Series     932G   813G  120G  88% /media/series

Code:
ls /media/ -la
total 808
drwxr-xr-x  5 root root   4096 abr  2 18:36 .
drwxr-xr-x 22 root root   4096 mar 25 16:14 ..
drwxr-xr-x  5 apoc apoc   4096 abr  2 13:12 hdd
drwx------  1 apoc pi   786432 mar 30 22:03 pelis
drwx------  1 apoc pi    28672 mar 29 16:09 series

Note that the group for the two folders is "pi", but if I umount the drives it becomes "apoc" (my nick and my personal group).
Code:
ls /media/ -la
total 20
drwxr-xr-x  5 root root 4096 abr  2 18:36 .
drwxr-xr-x 22 root root 4096 mar 25 16:14 ..
drwxr-xr-x  5 apoc apoc 4096 abr  2 13:12 hdd
drwxr-xr-x  2 apoc apoc 4096 abr  2 18:36 pelis
drwxr-xr-x  2 apoc apoc 4096 abr  2 18:36 series

Both users ("osmc" in the osmc pi and "apoc" in the raspbian one) have the same uid: 1000.

What am i doing wrong?

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Hi,
Recently, I decided to change my partition scheme for my home server. I had a RAID0 that previously spanned three disks and now I only want it to span two. Getting rid of the old one was easy. But getting the new one to work has been a real pain.

It's running Debian Jessie.

For starters, here's my /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf:
Code:
root@maples-server:~# cat /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf 
# mdadm.conf
#
# Please refer to mdadm.conf(5) for information about this file.
#

# by default (built-in), scan all partitions (/proc/partitions) and all
# containers for MD superblocks. alternatively, specify devices to scan, using
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#DEVICE partitions containers
DEVICE /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1

# auto-create devices with Debian standard permissions
CREATE owner=root group=disk mode=0660 auto=yes

# automatically tag new arrays as belonging to the local system
HOMEHOST <system>

# instruct the monitoring daemon where to send mail alerts
MAILADDR root

# definitions of existing MD arrays

ARRAY /dev/md0 metadata=1.2 UUID=032e4ab2:53ac5db8:98806abd:420716a5 devices=/dev/sdb1,/dev/sdc1

As you can see, I have it specified to setup the RAID as /dev/md0. But every time I reboot, my /proc/mdstat shows:
Code:
root@maples-server:~# cat /proc/mdstat 
Personalities : [raid0] 
md127 : active raid0 sdc1[1] sdb1[0]
      488016896 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks
      
unused devices: <none>

I can confirm that it's actually md127 by looking at /dev:
Code:
root@maples-server:~# ls -l /dev/md*
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 9, 127 May  2 20:17 /dev/md127

/dev/md:
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 May  2 20:17 maples-server:0 -> ../md127

And here's a bit more info:
Code:
root@maples-server:~# mdadm --detail --scan
ARRAY /dev/md/maples-server:0 metadata=1.2 name=maples-server:0 UUID=032e4ab2:53ac5db8:98806abd:420716a5

I've tried adding all sorts of options to /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf, ranging from just the output of the above command (only changing "/dev/md/maples-server:0" to "/dev/md0") to what you see at the top. Nothing seems to be making a difference.

Does anyone have any ideas?

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The program in question was efibootmgr. I had a file vaguely similar to this one, named efiboot.Hz:
Code:
efibootmgr -c -g -L "Debian (EFI stub)" -l '\EFI\debian\vmlinuz' -u 'root=UUID=$UUID ro quiet rootfstype=ext4 add_efi_memmap initrd=\\EFI\\debian\\initrd.img'
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Then I executed:
Code:
`tail -n 1 efiboot.Hz`

efibootmgr -v revealed the previous command produced a garbled name and boot options, and most importantly it didn't boot. Manually writing the last line on the terminal did produce the desired effect. I thought I checked the output from tail before putting the back-ticks.
What did I do wrong?

Why Should I Always Use Chmod When Not As A Root User

System Info:

I have normal user in CentOS 7 whose name is "mostafa" (the name of the account).

I naturally have another user called root with all privileges. User "mostafa" is put into sudoers file, too.

The OS is installed in VmWare, so the system is all mine.

Problem:

Now I create a file with touch file.sh and put a command in it, but when I want to run it with Code:
sudo ./file.sh

, an error is shown that the command Code:
./file.sh

does not exist. But if I Code:
 sudo chmod 777 ./file.sh

then it gets run. My question is that, why should I use Code:
chmod 777

when I myself have created the file, and I am in sudoers.

Can anyone explain me why shuold I still use Code:
sudo chmod 777

when the creator of the file is me.