Question About Run Level Programs And How The OS Know What To Run

1 )How to change the run level from 6 to 3 or any run level in Centos 5.4 ?
2)I want to learn more about run level 4 (I know it is used to make changes in the boot time )?

Hello

I am trying to log the Kernel level PPPd raw PPP messages (version 2.4.2) using Linux kernel 2.6.x to the /etc/syslog or /var/log/messages but the logging is not enabled for some reason.

I pass the kdebug 7 or kdebug 31 to the PPPd using /etc/ppp/options but the Kernel level debug logs are not shown in /proc/kmsg or using klogd or syslogd.

Can anyone please help me to fix this. What might be the problem?

Please reply..

Thanks,
Rakesh

hi guys,

i know what initialization systems are, and pretty much what they do.
lately everybody has been giving out about various distros changing to systemd...

firstly have i got this right?

init is pretty much retired and used on many older distros

debian used init then switched to upstart and now uses systemd...though you can keep using upstart but its difficult to get right.

slackware uses a hybrid type sysv with bsd like scripting...

centos 7 is using systemd by default

so what is the big fuss? why would a poor init system steer people away from a distro they have used for years.

can it really be this important? i mean how many times a day are you going to reconfigure start-up services etc...i dont understand this.

I want to write a Python script. In order to write it I need to figure out how to access the values associated with my signal level and bit rate.

If I use the following command

Code:

iwconfig | grep 'Signal level'

I get:

eth0 no wireless extensions.

lo no wireless extensions.

Link Quality=70/70 Signal level= -38 dBm


Obviously, I don't want Signal level. I want whatever it happens to be. In this case, it happens to be -38. Ditto Bit Rate...How do I grab -38 from the command line?

hello all,
I am using linux machine. There are total 6 stages of linux boot process: BIOS
MBR
GRUB
KERNEL
INIT
RUNLEVEL
Is it possible to read HDD serial number and mac address from the GRUB??

Thanks in advance..

Starting the vncserver by executing vncserver :1 works as expected but what actually starts? I issued these commands but nothing I see identifies with the vncserver. I believe the server is tigervnc.
service --status-all
systemctl -a
systemctl list-unit-files
chkconfig -A
Also, how can this command: "vncserver :1", be issued at startup or turn the service on at startup?
I have tried this but the command does not execute.
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 379 Apr 23 17:33 /etc/init.d/after.local
cat /etc/init.d/after.local
#! /bin/sh
#
# Copyright (c) 2010 SuSE LINUX Products GmbH, Germany. All rights reserved.
#
# Author: Werner Fink, 2010
#
# /etc/init.d/after.local
#
# script with local commands to be executed from init after all scripts
# of a runlevel have been executed.
#
# Here you should add things, that should happen directly after
# runlevel has been reached.
#
./usr/bin/vncserver :1

Solved:
Made the following updates to /et/c/init/d/after.local

HOME=/root
export HOME
/usr/bin/vncserver -fg :1

hello everyone,
I created a script file (info.sh) in linux centos 6.
location of file is '/etc/init.d/info.sh'
content of file is:

#!/bin/sh
#To get the MAC address
ifconfig | grep HWaddr
#To get the HDD serial no.
hdparm -I /dev/sd? | grep 'Serial\ Number'
#To get the HDD size
hdparm -I /dev/sda |grep "device size"

gave the permission by: chmod 777 /etc/init.d/info.sh
but when i run this file by: /etc/init.d/info.sh
it gives an error like...
-bash: /etc/init.d/info: cannot execute binary file

what should i do?? Actually i have to run this file during boot up..

thanks in advance..

Hello

I have installed a CentOS 6.4 on VmWare.

Now, after several days of using it, it suddenly does not boots. There is a problem with its initialization, here is the error:

Kernel Panic : Unalble to init. Try passing init= option to the kernel.
Pid 1 : Swapper not tainted.

I have used CentOS.iso to rescue it, but it still does not solve it.

My grub.conf contains:

PHP Code:
# grub.conf generated by anaconda
#
# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file
# NOTICE:  You have a /boot partition.  This means that
#          all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg.
#          root (hd0,0)
#          kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/sda2
#          initrd /initrd-[generic-]version.img
#boot=/dev/sda
default=0
timeout=5
splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz
hiddenmenu
title CentOS (2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64)
    root (hd0,0)
    kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64 ro root=UUID=6082bcf5-00ba-4bf8-86ea-9821d774cb6f rd_NO_LUKS rd_NO_LVM LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_NO_MD SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=auto  KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet
 initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64.img 



How should I solve it then? Thanks in advance

Okay so I am having major issues getting python to work on Ubuntu 12.04 and other programs I want to run exclusively on this system. Just so you all know - I do not understand computer lingo much so I have a million definitions and how to's . I've kind of been thrown in the deep end on something and the I.T. guru (sorry for the frustration - but effectively this boso worked for MY company) belittled me basically calling me stupid & incapable of being able to configure a basic desktop system.

Anyways my ex from years ago also worked in I.T and played with different operating systems at 1 point so I had used Linux before and remembered it was geared to what I needed. I have installed 12.04 (trialled the latest 14 version as well but opted for the older one for more guidance. So I have everything I need for what I am doing except for 1 minor detail. I am so confused on entering the command lines

can anyone guide me to where there's a really simple straight forward guide to getting 2 programs to run and python to work? I know it's just entering command prompts so to speak but I can't get them to work or know the file directories for the locations of the programs.

ANY HELP WOULD BE APPRECIATED!!!!!!

Hi all,

Been messing around with my CentOS 6.6 VM trying to break stuff and learn with it. I thought it may be a good learning exercise to (ok, sounds a bit stupid, but purposely) delete /sbin/init to see how I could recover and learn.

I've booted into a recovery CD and recovered the /sbin/init file to my existing directory, however, I'm still having issues booting the machine.

Per Google suggestions, I have given the new init file 755 permissions but it still does not boot.

I apologize that I have not had more ideas, I am currently Googling solutions but am having a bit of trouble knowing where to start. Any suggestions would be greatly appreciated, thank you.